When is the birthday of manuel l quezon

Quezon, however, was not as worried about the Taft administration as he was about the party faithful in Manila. Hoping to shore up his standing back home before the upcoming election, he anxiously looked for a way to put an independence bill on the floor of the House. Early in his push, Quezon reportedly formed a close partnership with Democrat Cyrus Cline of Indiana.

Cline had studied the situation in the Philippines and believed he could make independence a reality. Quezon was so frequently in Mr. Jones of Virginia, who chaired the Insular Affairs Committee. Jones was a consistent supporter of Philippine independence, but he was ill and worked slowly and methodically to build consensus on the issue within his committee. Looking for a way to hasten the independence process in order to give his party a campaign issue, Quezon put together his own proposal H.

The bill, which Jones put his name on after party leaders gave it the go-ahead, set an independence date eight years later and provided for the creation of a Philippine senate. Over the summer of , however, Wilson walked back his opposition, giving Quezon the opening he needed. The Philippine commission had become so unpopular, Quezon said, that simply creating a territorial senate would buy the federal government time to deal with the question of independence. As tariff issues ate up much of the legislative calendar in , Quezon counseled patience back home.

He worked the angles in Washington to influence territorial appointments and lobbied for changes to the Philippine commission. Quezon was worth many votes. Quezon and Harrison disagreed on one key issue, however: the urgency of independence. Stanley observed. In one conversation after another, Quezon leaned on McIntyre at the Insular Bureau for support, knowing full well that Harrison would fight back. Quezon sought similar assurances from the President, and after meeting with Wilson in early , the Resident Commissioner believed he had at least the conditional support of the White House.

Wilson was not comfortable setting a date for independence and was more or less content to step back and wait to see how things played out, according to the Washington Post. When Quezon gave the new bill to Chairman Jones, he ran into some familiar problems. Jones continued to drag his feet, and House Democrats pivoted to other issues as the elections neared.

Earnshaw, meanwhile, went home to the Philippines to rally support for the bill. Republicans moved to table the legislation, but Quezon fought them point by point, arguing that the looming threat of a world war made Philippine autonomy more important than ever. When the bill came up for general debate two days later, Republicans ripped into the Insular Affairs Committee for marking it up behind closed doors.

Quezon responded forcefully. Quezon gave a full-throated defense of the bill on the floor a few days later, telling the House that the self-government provisions would allow the Philippines to prepare for independence. Quezon dutifully monitored the bill during amendments: countering mischaracterizations, opposing certain suggestions, and defending others. The core of the bill bolstering home rule in the Philippines made it through unchanged, but a handful of legislators threatened to kill the measure unless the Senate reworked the independence clause in the preamble.

Quezon hustled to iron out a deal, but the 63rd Congress closed without a solution. Senate leaders placed it on the legislative calendar a day later S. For Quezon, however, the bill remained a huge political gamble. He told the Senate Committee on the Philippines that it was not ideal, but the measure was about as good as he thought he could win. Looking to distance themselves from earlier GOP policies toward the Philippines, Senate Democrats, with the support of President Wilson, approved the change in a close vote in early February.

If he backed the amendment, Stanley observed, the Philippines would likely become independent quicker than originally planned. But that threatened to bring a host of troublesome issues with it, including widespread financial problems that could derail the future of the Philippines.

Quezon ended up supporting the Clarke amendment, and when the bill went back to the House, Chairman Jones begrudgingly brought the Senate version to the floor on May 1, Debate that day lasted nearly 13 hours. Assuming that this version of the bill would again die in the Senate, Quezon was crushed. What is the use? The action of the House tonight makes the fight for independence harder.

I notice not a single Republican voted for the Clarke amendment. They had it all figured out in advance. Surprisingly enough, the bill did not die in conference with the Senate. On May 8, Quezon visited the White House and implored President Wilson to back the revived legislation rather than risk having to start all over.

Following the success of the second Jones bill, Quezon resigned as Resident Commissioner on October 15, Bunting-wrapped boats and flotillas greeted his ship in the choppy downpour, beginning two days of public speeches and celebratory banquets. Back in the Philippines, Quezon was elected to the new territorial senate, where he was named president of the chamber.

Luisa died in infancy. Quezon also kept one foot in Washington. Throughout his post-congressional tenure, Quezon held near-dictatorial sway over the Partido Nacionalista, either personally selecting or approving each of the next nine Philippine Resident Commissioners. He leveraged the Resident Commissioner position as a means to solidify his support in Manila, enabling him to virtually exile political opponents.

On the other hand, if an ally broke ranks with him on the Hill, Quezon was quick to name a replacement. As president in the s, Quezon worked to strengthen his authority at home and tried to brace the nation for war as Japan began encroaching on the islands.

Quezon died on August 1, , succumbing to the long-term effects of his battle with tuberculosis. After a funeral mass at St. In his honor, an outlying suburb of Manila was named Quezon City and became the site of the national capital of the Philippines. The noted historian Alfred W. McCoy cites a U.

Peter W. Appleton-Century Company, : Instead, they were elected by town councilors, who themselves had been popularly elected under restrictive suffrage laws. As a formal political party, however, its reach never extended far outside the capital. See Peter W. For a more contemporary history of the friar lands, see Charles H.

See also Stanley, A Nation in the Making : —, quotation on p. The President also met with Chairman Jones to discuss the situation in February that year. Ruby R. View Record in the Biographical Directory of the U. Caballero, Beljun. Manila: Bacani's Press, Enosawa, Hisashi.

Manuel L. Quezon, from Nipa house to Malacanan. Tokyo: Japan Publicity Agency, Goettel, Elinor. Eagle of the Philippines: President Manuel Quezon. New York: J. Messner, Gwekoh, Sol H. Manila: University Publishing Company, Quezon the President. Manila: Apo Book Company, House of Representatives. Washington: Government Publishing Office, National Library [Philippines].

Filipiniana Division. Manila: N. Bureau of Public Libraries. Quezon: A Register of his papers in the National Library. Quezon, Manuel L. Addresses of Manuel L. Quezon, Resident Commissioner; Henderson S. Manila: Bureau of Printing, Washington: Press of B. This bill made him chairman of the Council for National Defense, with the chief of staff of the armed forces directly subordinate to him.

On Aug. Passed by a vote of 62 to 1, the bill gave Quezon the authority to change even the social and economic structure of the country: he was given the authority to require civilians to render service to the government, to outlaw strikes, to commandeer shipping and other transportation, to control fuel resources, to revise the educational system, and so forth. In November Quezon was reelected president of the commonwealth. When the Japanese forces occupied Manila in , Quezon and his Cabinet fled from the Philippines and set up an exile government in Washington in May Quezon died on Aug.

Although Quezon lived through the most turbulent times in Philippine history, when the peasantry—who composed 75 percent of the people—was rebelling against social injustice and age-old exploitation, he failed to institute long-lasting reforms in land tenancy, wages, income distribution, and other areas of crisis. Essentially a politician who was both tactful and bullheaded, supple and compulsive, Quezon served mainly the interest of the Filipino elite, or ruling oligarchy about families , who owned and controlled the estates and businesses.

Quezon became a popular hero when he attacked the racist policies of Governor Leonard Wood with his declaration that he preferred "a government run like hell by Filipinos to one run like heaven by Americans. Recto, a contemporary, pronounced the most balanced and acute judgment when he described Quezon as "a successful politician … because he was a master of political intrigue. He knew how to build strong and loyal friendships even among political opponents, but he knew also how to excite envy, distrust, ambition, jealousy, even among his own loyal followers.

The most authoritative source on Quezon's life is his autobiography, The Good Fight For his career and the historical circumstances surrounding it, the following are standard references: Carlos Quirino, Quezon: Man of Destiny ; Joseph R. Agoncillo and Oscar M. Alfonso, History of the Filipino People ; rev. Agoncillo, A Short History of the Philippines Enosawa, G. Quezon: from Nipa house to Malacanan, Manila? Morato, Quezon: thoughts and anecdotes about him and his fights, Quezon City?

Rivera, Romulo, Carlos P. All rights reserved. Assessment of Quezon Although Quezon lived through the most turbulent times in Philippine history, when the peasantry—who composed 75 percent of the people—was rebelling against social injustice and age-old exploitation, he failed to institute long-lasting reforms in land tenancy, wages, income distribution, and other areas of crisis.